Shahzada Nazar Abbas
Subject Specialist (English)
MUSTAFA KAMAL
EXERCISE QUESTIONS
Q.NO.1: What was
the attitude of the Turkish government toward the Allies after world War 1?
Answer:
After eight years of continuous war, the
Turks had been tired. So, the Allies were welcomed by the Turkish government.
They were eager to cooperate with the Allies.
Q.NO.2: Why was Mustafa Kamal sent to Anatolia?
Answer:
A revolt against the Allies started in
Anatolia. This caused alarm among the Allies. So, Mustafa Kamal was sent to
Anatolia to put down the revolt.
Q.NO.3: What was
the reaction of the Turkish patriots to the intention of the Allies to
partition the Ottoman Empire?
Answer:
When the Allies decided to divide the Ottoman
Empire, the patriots become angry. It was the flame of indignation, not hatred. They
could not accept such division.
Q.NO.4: Write a note
on Mustafa Kamal’s activities in Anatolia?
Answer:
Mustafa Kamal met Ali Faut in Anatolia and
made a plan of resistance against the Allies. They planned:
i.
Guerilla war should be started.
ii.
National Army should be made.
iii.
A government should be established in
Anatolia to represent the Turkish people.
Q.NO.5: Why did
Mehmat order Mustafa Kamal to return to Constantinople?
Answer:
When Mustafa Kamal requested Mehmet to come
to Anatolia and lead them against the Greeks, Mehmat ordered Mustafa Kamal to
return to Constantinople. Upon this Mustafa Kamal replied:
“I shall stay in Anatolia until the
nation has won its independence.”
Q.NO.6: What was Mustafa Kamal’s reply?
Answer:
When Mustafa Kamal requested Mehmet to come
to Anatolia and lead them against the Greeks, Mehmat ordered Mustafa Kamal to
return to Constantinople. Upon this Mustafa Kamal replied:
“I
shall stay in Anatolia until the nation has won its independence.”
Q.NO.7: How did
Mehmat try to regain Anatolia for himself?
Answer:
Mehmet offered the patriots to transfer their
activities to Istanbul. In this way, they could put Mustafa Kamal’s ideas into
practice. The patriots could not see through his plan and fell into his trap. They
accepted his offer. In this way, Mehmat tried to regain Anatolia.
Q.NO.8: Why did his plan fail?
Answer:
After all the patriots had shifted their
activities to Istanbul, Mustafa Kamal succeeded in making a regular army. Little
skirmishes (fights) started in Anatolia. The position of the Allies in Anatolia became
worse. The Allies dissolved the Turkish National Assembly. All the patriots
fled back to Anatolia. In this way, Mehmet’s plan failed.
Q.NO.9: What were
the terms offered to Turkey by the Allies?
Answer:
The terms of the treaty were:
I.
Arab provinces as Free states (mandated
territories)
II.
Armenia would occupy Anatolia.
III.
The Greeks would occupy Izmir.
IV.
French would occupy Cecilia.
V.
Istanbul was to remain under Allies
forces.
Q.NO.10: Give an account of the Greeks' attack and its
defeat?
Answer:
In 1921, the Greeks attacked
but they were defeated badly by the army of Mustafa Kamal. The Greek army
crossed the Sakraya River and sailed back to their land. Mustafa Kamal became
the commander-in-chief of free Turkish forces. He was the saviour of the
Turkish nation.
Q.NO.11: Give an
account of the departure of Mehmet from Istanbul?
Answer:
In November, 1922, Mehmet requested the British
High Commission to give him refuge. So, a motor car arrived and the Sultan of
Sultans was on his way to exile.
Q.NO.12: Which reforms did Mustafa Kamal bring in the
position of women?
Answer:
Mustafa Kamal brought a
revolution in the position of women:
i.
He said that women should get higher
education.
ii.
They should get equal chances of
progress.
iii.
He abolished veil.
Q.NO.13: Which steps did Mustafa Kamal take to remove
illiteracy?
Answer:
Mustafa Kamal removed
illiteracy by taking the following steps:
i.
He opened new schools and
universities.
ii.
He simplified the language.
iii.
Roman Scripts was adopted.
iv.
He said that women should get higher
education
Q.NO.14: What revolution did Mustafa Kamal bring in the
dress?
Answer:
Mustafa Kamal brought a
revolution in the dress.
i.
He abolished veil.
ii.
“Fez” was replaced by hat or cap.
Q.NO.15: Which steps did Mustafa Kamal take to replace the
old script?
Answer:
i.
He replaced the old scripts with the
Roman scripts.
ii.
The whole population went back to
school.
iii.
He taught the new script with chalk
in his hand. In this way, a new script was adopted.
Q.NO.16: How did Mustafa Kamal bring industrial and
economic development:
Answer:
Mustafa Kamal brought a revolution in the field of industry and economics.
i.
He increased the number of factories.
ii.
He built new Railway lines and roads.
iii.
Banking system was improved.
iv.
Foreign debt was reduced.
Q.NO.17: Sum up in
a few sentences the work of Mustafa Kamal as a great nation-builder?
Answer:
Mustafa Kamal was a great nation-builder. He
brought a revolution in every field of life.
i.
He abolished the veil.
ii.
He opened new schools and
universities.
iii.
He increased the number of factories.
iv.
He built new Railway lines and roads.
Great work
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